Work simplification and joint preservation techniques

Work simplification is defined as the use of equipment, ergonomics, functional planning and behaviour modification to reduce the physical and psychological stresses on the body of activities at home or work. By reducing the physical demands on the body during tasks acts to preserve the joints and reduce the risk of injury or re-injury.

Workplace solutions and adjustments

Within the workplace some simple guidelines can be used regarding task set up, equipment storage, work techniques and routines than can assist in reducing the physical strain on the body.

The workplace layout and equipment can be modified to enable a task to be less strenuous on the body such as: 

• store heavier and frequently used items at waist level
• set up work tasks to avoid twisting of the spine, bending forwards or reaching away from the body
• use tools or mechanical equipment to reduce the physical force required to complete tasks, for instance, trolleys, jacks & cranes
• store infrequently used equipment below mid thigh height or above shoulder height
• allow tasks be done from a sitting or standing position or rotated to allow postural change where possible

• use a stepladder to access higher items and reduce the need for above the shoulder reaching

Modifying loads lifted can also reduce the effort required during the task and may prevent further injury. With each load consider the following: 

• can large loads be broken down into smaller loads to reduce the impact on the body?
• can the load be lifted with two hands rather than one?
• can handles on loads be altered to make it easier to carry the load?
• can loads be carried safely against the body to allow the larger muscles of the legs to support the load rather than the smaller muscles of the arms?
• can the load be lifted using a team lift?
• remember it is more physically demanding to grip smaller items or large items with the hand at full stretch.

Controlling the work environment can also reduce the risk of injury so consider: 

• is there plenty of space so bending, reaching and twisting can be eliminated during tasks—if not, how can it be changed? Sometimes shifting tasks far enough away that the worker has to walk or move their body means they will do the task in a better posture than if they can keep their feet still and twist or reach
• is the lighting sufficient so that individuals are not having to lean towards a task to view it or strain the eyes to see?
• if using trolleys, consider the size and type of wheels, for instance, larger wheels will make the trolley easier to move. 

Redesigning work practices can be beneficial in enabling an individual to manage tasks more easily. This might include: 

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